T\u011blesn\u00e9 trest\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice<\/h2>\n\t<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\n\t\n\tPOSLEDN\u00cd AKTUALIZACE \u010derven 2018<\/p>
<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n
\n\t\n\n\n\t\n \n - Souhrn<\/a><\/li>\n
- Z\u00e1konnost<\/a><\/li>\n
- UPP<\/a><\/li>\n
- Smluvn\u00ed org\u00e1ny<\/a><\/li>\n
- V\u00fdzkum<\/a><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n \n \n
Shrnut\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed reformy pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k dosa\u017een\u00ed \u00fapln\u00e9ho z\u00e1kazu<\/h3>
Z\u00e1kazu je st\u00e1le t\u0159eba dos\u00e1hnout v prost\u0159ed\u00ed domova a n\u00e1hradn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de, v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch denn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de a v n\u00e1pravn\u011b v\u00fdchovn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch.<\/p>
Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee z\u00e1kon neobhajuje pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f rodi\u010di nebo jin\u00fdmi dosp\u011bl\u00fdmi osobami (informace nepotvrzena), z\u00e1kony proti n\u00e1sil\u00ed a t\u00fdr\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak nejsou vykl\u00e1d\u00e1ny tak, \u017ee zakazuj\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e9 t\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f ve v\u00fdchov\u011b d\u011bt\u00ed je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161eobecn\u011b akceptov\u00e1no, proto je nutn\u00e9, aby z\u00e1kon jednozna\u010dn\u011b stanovil, \u017ee v\u0161echny formy fyzick\u00fdch trest\u016f a jin\u00e9ho krut\u00e9ho a poni\u017euj\u00edc\u00edho zach\u00e1zen\u00ed, jakkoli m\u00edrn\u00e9ho, v jak\u00e9mkoli prost\u0159ed\u00ed a bez ohledu na vztah mezi dosp\u011bl\u00fdm a d\u00edt\u011btem, jsou nep\u0159ijateln\u00e9.<\/p>
Alternativn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de<\/em> \u2013 Z\u00e1kaz t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f by m\u011bl b\u00fdt uz\u00e1kon\u011bn v souvislosti se v\u0161emi formami n\u00e1hradn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de (p\u011bstounskou p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed, \u00fastavn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed, v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch poskytuj\u00edc\u00edch ochranu, v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch pro d\u011bti vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed okam\u017eitou p\u00e9\u010di atd.).<\/p>Denn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de<\/em> \u2013 T\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty by m\u011bly b\u00fdt zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny ve v\u0161ech za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch p\u00e9\u010de o d\u011bti p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00edho v\u011bku (v mate\u0159sk\u00fdch \u0161kolk\u00e1ch, jesl\u00edch, rodinn\u00fdch centrech atd.) a ve v\u0161ech za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch denn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de o star\u0161\u00ed d\u011bti (v denn\u00edch centrech, \u0161koln\u00edch dru\u017ein\u00e1ch, p\u0159i hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed atd.).<\/p>N\u00e1pravn\u011b v\u00fdchovn\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/em> \u2013 Z\u00e1kaz t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f by m\u011bl b\u00fdt uz\u00e1kon\u011bn v pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpisech platn\u00fdch pro v\u0161echna za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, v nich\u017e jsou um\u00edst\u011bny d\u011bti, kter\u00e9 se dostaly do konfliktu se z\u00e1konem.<\/p> <\/div>\n \n St\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed leg\u00e1lnost t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f<\/h3>Prost\u0159ed\u00ed domova<\/h3>
T\u011blesn\u00e9 trest\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed v prost\u0159ed\u00ed domova je leg\u00e1ln\u00ed. V lednu 2014 vstoupil v platnost nov\u00fd ob\u010dansk\u00fd z\u00e1kon\u00edk, kter\u00fd obsahuje ustanoven\u00ed vztahuj\u00edc\u00ed se k uk\u00e1z\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed rodi\u010di, ale nezakazuje v\u0161echny t\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty. P\u0159esn\u011bji uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee \u201ev\u00fdchovn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky lze pou\u017e\u00edt pouze v podob\u011b a m\u00ed\u0159e, kter\u00e1 je p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 okolnostem, neohro\u017euje zdrav\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte ani jeho rozvoj a nedot\u00fdk\u00e1 se lidsk\u00e9 d\u016fstojnosti d\u00edt\u011bte\u201c (\u00a7 884 odst. 2, neofici\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159eklad) a \u017ee \u201edokud se d\u00edt\u011b nestane sv\u00e9pr\u00e1vn\u00fdm, maj\u00ed rodi\u010de pr\u00e1vo usm\u011br\u0148ovat sv\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b v\u00fdchovn\u00fdmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi, jak to odpov\u00edd\u00e1 jeho rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edm se schopnostem, v\u010detn\u011b omezen\u00ed sleduj\u00edc\u00edch ochranu mor\u00e1lky, zdrav\u00ed a pr\u00e1v d\u00edt\u011bte\u201c (\u00a7 857 odst. 2). Z\u00e1kon o soci\u00e1ln\u011b-pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochran\u011b d\u011bt\u00ed z roku 1999 uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201efyzick\u00e1 osoba se dopust\u00ed p\u0159estupku t\u00edm, \u017ee v \u00famyslu pon\u00ed\u017eit lidskou d\u016fstojnost d\u00edt\u011bte pou\u017eije v\u016f\u010di n\u011bmu nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed \u201c (\u00a7 59 odst. 1 p\u00edsm. h)). Toto ustanoven\u00ed bylo novelizov\u00e1no v roce 2013 (s \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed od ledna 2014) vyjmut\u00edm podm\u00ednky \u00famysln\u00e9ho zavin\u011bn\u00ed, nebyl v\u0161ak zaveden jednozna\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1kaz v\u0161ech t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f. Ustanoven\u00ed proti n\u00e1sil\u00ed a t\u00fdr\u00e1n\u00ed v Listin\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pr\u00e1v a svobod z roku 1992, v z\u00e1kon\u011b o p\u0159estupc\u00edch z roku 1990, v trestn\u00edm z\u00e1kon\u00edku z roku 2009, v \u00dastav\u011b z roku 1992 a v z\u00e1kon\u011b na ochranu proti dom\u00e1c\u00edmu n\u00e1sil\u00ed z roku 2006 nejsou vykl\u00e1d\u00e1na tak, \u017ee by z nich vypl\u00fdval z\u00e1kaz ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho t\u011blesn\u00e9ho trest\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdchov\u011b.<\/p>
\u010cesk\u00e1 republika v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2007 potvrdila sv\u016fj z\u00e1vazek p\u0159ijmout z\u00e1kaz v dopise premi\u00e9ra Mirka Topol\u00e1nka adresovan\u00e9m komisa\u0159i Rady Evropy pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va Thomasovi Hammarbergovi. V roce 2008 ministryn\u011b pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va a n\u00e1rodnostn\u00ed men\u0161iny podepsala petici Rady Evropy proti ve\u0161ker\u00fdm t\u011blesn\u00fdm trest\u016fm u d\u011bt\u00ed a ve zpr\u00e1v\u011b \u00fa\u010dastnick\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu ur\u010den\u00e9 V\u00fdboru pro pr\u00e1va d\u00edt\u011bte \u010cR sd\u011blila, \u017ee zva\u017euje p\u0159ijet\u00ed v\u00fdslovn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kazu.[1]<\/sup><\/a> V roce 2011 ale \u010cR potvrdila, \u017ee Ministerstvo spravedlnosti \u201enepodnik\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 nov\u00e9 kroky ve v\u011bci z\u00e1kazu t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f\u201c, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e p\u0159iznala, \u017ee ve vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edm pr\u00e1vu neexistuje explicitn\u00ed z\u00e1kaz t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f.[2]<\/sup><\/a> \u010cR tak\u00e9 nazna\u010dila, \u017ee podle jej\u00edho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy nab\u00edz\u00ed adekv\u00e1tn\u00ed ochranu proti t\u011blesn\u00fdm trest\u016fm[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 p\u0159esto v\u0161ak potvrdila, \u017ee z\u00e1kon d\u011bti chr\u00e1n\u00ed jen proti \u201enep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm\u201c t\u011blesn\u00fdm trest\u016fm.[4]<\/sup><\/a> P\u0159i p\u0159ezkumu ze strany V\u00fdboru proti mu\u010den\u00ed v kv\u011btnu 2012 \u010cR op\u011btovn\u011b sd\u011blila, \u017ee se nechyst\u00e1 novelizovat pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy tak, aby zakazovaly t\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty.[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\u010cR nep\u0159ijala doporu\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e1 byla vyj\u00e1d\u0159ena b\u011bhem Univerz\u00e1ln\u00edho periodick\u00e9ho p\u0159ezkumu \u010cR (UPR) v roce 2012, v\u00fdslovn\u011b zak\u00e1zat ve\u0161ker\u00e9 t\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty v jak\u00e9mkoli prost\u0159ed\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b domova, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e uvedla, \u017ee v prost\u0159ed\u00ed rodiny z\u00e1kon chr\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bti p\u0159ed \u201enep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fdmi\u201c t\u011blesn\u00fdmi tresty.[6]<\/sup><\/a> V roce 2013 \u010cR ozn\u00e1mila V\u00fdboru pro pr\u00e1va osob se zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm, \u017ee rodi\u010de mohou u\u017e\u00edt pouze \u201ep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch v\u00fdchovn\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f;[7]<\/sup><\/a> b\u011bhem p\u0159ezkumu prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9ho V\u00fdborem v roce 2015, \u010cR sd\u011blila, \u017ee t\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty v rodin\u011b zakazuje ob\u010dansk\u00fd z\u00e1kon\u00edk a z\u00e1kon o rodin\u011b a \u017ee N\u00e1rodn\u00ed strategie prevence n\u00e1sil\u00ed na d\u011btech zahrnuje definici t\u011blesn\u00e9ho n\u00e1sil\u00ed p\u0159ijatou V\u00fdborem pro pr\u00e1va d\u00edt\u011bte.[8]<\/sup><\/a> V pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky pro Univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed periodick\u00fd p\u0159ezkum z roku 2015 stoj\u00ed, \u017ee \u201e\u010cesk\u00e1 republika pova\u017euje n\u00e1sil\u00ed p\u00e1chan\u00e9 na d\u011btech za naprosto nep\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 a bojuje proti n\u011bmu v\u0161emi zp\u016fsoby a ve v\u0161ech prost\u0159ed\u00edch\u201c. N\u00e1sledn\u011b v\u0161ak zmi\u0148uje pr\u00e1vo d\u011bt\u00ed na ochranu p\u0159ed \u201enep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm omezen\u00edm\u201c a u\u017eit\u00edm \u201enep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch trest\u016f\u201c rodi\u010di.[9]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>V roce 2016 \u010cR p\u0159iznala, \u017ee ve vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpisech neexistuje v\u00fdslovn\u00fd z\u00e1kaz t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f, uvedla v\u0161ak, \u017ee \u201epr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed vym\u00fdcen\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e9ho trest\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed\u201c jsou obsa\u017eeny v ob\u010dansk\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u00edku, jeliko\u017e t\u011blesn\u00fd trest nen\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u201eadekv\u00e1tn\u00ed v\u00fdchovn\u00fd prost\u0159edek v rodin\u011b nebo mimo ni\u201c.[10]<\/sup><\/a> Jej\u00ed zpr\u00e1va pro Univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed periodick\u00fd p\u0159ezkum v roce 2017 uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee \u201erodi\u010de mohou pou\u017e\u00edt v\u00fdchovn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky pouze v p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e\u201c.[11]<\/sup><\/a> Ale jak bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno v\u00fd\u0161e, n\u00e1\u0161 v\u00fdzkum ukazuje, \u017ee z\u00e1kony neobsahuj\u00ed jednozna\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1kaz u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f p\u0159i v\u00fdchov\u011b. V roce 2017, p\u0159i sv\u00e9m Univerz\u00e1ln\u00edm periodick\u00e9m p\u0159ezkumu, \u010cR op\u011btovn\u011b nep\u0159ijala doporu\u010den\u00ed v\u00fdslovn\u011b zak\u00e1zat t\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty ve v\u0161ech prost\u0159ed\u00edch.[12]<\/sup><\/a> Ve vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00e9m V\u00fdboru proti mu\u010den\u00ed v roce 2018 ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 ochr\u00e1nkyn\u011b pr\u00e1v sd\u011blila, \u017ee \u201e\u010desk\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprava st\u00e1le postr\u00e1d\u00e1 v\u00fdslovn\u00fd z\u00e1kaz v\u0161ech forem t\u011blesn\u00e9ho trest\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed (a to i v rodin\u011b). \u201eTuto formu trestu pova\u017euji za nep\u0159ijatelnou.\u201c[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>V roce 2013 byla v souladu s postupem pro pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed kolektivn\u00edch st\u00ed\u017enost\u00ed k Evropsk\u00e9mu v\u00fdboru pro soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1va pod\u00e1na proti \u010cesk\u00e9 republice st\u00ed\u017enost sdru\u017een\u00edm Asociace na ochranu v\u0161ech d\u011bt\u00ed (APPROACH) Ltd.[14]<\/sup><\/a> Obsahem st\u00ed\u017enosti byla absence v\u00fdslovn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kazu t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f v rodin\u011b, ve v\u0161ech form\u00e1ch n\u00e1hradn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de a ve \u0161kole a d\u00e1le to, \u017ee \u010cesk\u00e1 republika nevynakl\u00e1d\u00e1 odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed, aby takov\u00e9 fyzick\u00e9 tresty vykon\u00e1van\u00e9 na d\u011btech v praxi eliminovala. St\u00ed\u017enost byla zaregistrov\u00e1na V\u00fdborem v \u00fanoru 2013; 2. \u010dervence 2013 byla prohl\u00e1\u0161ena za p\u0159\u00edpustnou. V\u00fdbor sv\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed zve\u0159ejnil 29. kv\u011btna 2015. V\u00fdbor dosp\u011bl k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee situace v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice poru\u0161uje Chartu, jeliko\u017e z\u00e1kon nezakazuje v\u0161echny t\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty.[15]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>N\u00e1hradn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de<\/h3>
U\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f v instituc\u00edch je podle z\u00e1kona \u010d. 102\/2002 Sb., o v\u00fdkonu \u00fastavn\u00ed v\u00fdchovy (v upraven\u00e9m zn\u011bn\u00ed z roku 2005), protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed. A\u010dkoli tento z\u00e1kon t\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty v\u00fdslovn\u011b nezakazuje, jasn\u011b vymezuje povolen\u00e1 n\u00e1pravn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed a nezahrnuje t\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty. V ne\u00fastavn\u00edch form\u00e1ch p\u00e9\u010de je leg\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/p>
<\/p>
Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed denn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de<\/h3>
T\u011blesn\u00fd trest je zak\u00e1z\u00e1n v ustanoven\u00ed o p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00edm vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v \u00a7 31 \u0161kolsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona (viz \u010d\u00e1st \u201e\u0160koly\u201c). V ostatn\u00edch form\u00e1ch denn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de o d\u011bti p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00edho v\u011bku a denn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de pro star\u0161\u00ed d\u011bti je v souladu se z\u00e1konem.<\/p>
<\/p>
\u0160koly<\/h3>
T\u011blesn\u00fd trest ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch je podle \u00a7 31 \u0161kolsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona nez\u00e1konn\u00fd. V \u00a7 31 se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee \u201ezvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b hrub\u00e9 slovn\u00ed nebo \u00famysln\u00e9 fyzick\u00e9 napaden\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ka nebo studenta\u201c je \u201ez\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 zavin\u011bn\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed povinnost\u00ed\u201c. \u0160kolsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon a z\u00e1kon o v\u00fdkonu \u00fastavn\u00ed v\u00fdchovy nebo ochrann\u00e9 v\u00fdchovy ve \u0161kolsk\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch a o preventivn\u011b ochrann\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010di ve \u0161kolsk\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch nezahrnuj\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty mezi povolen\u00e1 k\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>
<\/p>
N\u00e1pravn\u011b v\u00fdchovn\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/h3>
T\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty jako k\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed v n\u00e1pravn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed, neexistuje ale jejich v\u00fdslovn\u00fd z\u00e1kaz. Z\u00e1kon o v\u00fdkonu trestu odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody z roku 1999 neobsahuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 ustanoven\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f.<\/p>
<\/p>
Trest za trestn\u00fd \u010din<\/h3>
T\u011blesn\u00e9 trest\u00e1n\u00ed jako trest za zlo\u010din bylo zru\u0161eno v roce 1867. Podle trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku a z\u00e1kona \u010d. 218\/2003 Sb., o soudnictv\u00ed ve v\u011bcech ml\u00e1de\u017ee, nen\u00ed povolen\u00fdm postihem.<\/p>
<\/p>
[1]<\/a> (20. duben 2010, CRC\/C\/CZE\/3-4, T\u0159et\u00ed a \u010dtvrt\u00e1 periodick\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va \u010cR, odst. 133<\/p>[2]<\/a> 10. kv\u011bten 2011, CRC\/C\/CZE\/Q\/3-4\/Add.1, Odpov\u011b\u010f na seznam ot\u00e1zek, Q7<\/p>[3]<\/a> (9. b\u0159ezen 2012, CAT\/C\/CZE\/Q\/4-5\/Add.1, Odpov\u011b\u010f na seznam ot\u00e1zek, odst. 106; 27. \u010derven 2013, CCPR\/C\/CZE\/Q\/3\/Add.1, Odpov\u011b\u010f na seznam ot\u00e1zek, odst.77-80<\/p>[4]<\/a> 27. \u010derven 2013, CCPR\/C\/CZE\/Q\/3\/Add.1, Odpov\u011b\u010f na seznam ot\u00e1zek, odst. 82<\/p>[5]<\/a> 30. kv\u011bten 2012, CAT\/C\/SR.1071, Souhrnn\u00fd z\u00e1znam z 1701. \u00a0zased\u00e1n\u00ed, odst. 40; viz tak\u00e9 23. listopad 2015, CEDAW\/CZE\/Q\/6\/Add.1, Odpov\u011b\u010f na seznam ot\u00e1zek, odst. 25<\/p>[6]<\/a> 26. prosinec 2012, A\/HRC\/22\/3, Zpr\u00e1va pracovn\u00ed skupiny, odst. 94(88), 94(89) a 94(90); 1. b\u0159ezen 2013, A\/HRC\/22\/3\/Add.1, Zpr\u00e1va pracovn\u00ed skupiny: Dodatek, odst. 4<\/p>[7]<\/a> 27. \u010derven 2013, CRPD\/C\/CZE\/1 p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e1 neupraven\u00e1 verze, \u00davodn\u00ed zpr\u00e1va \u010cR, odst. 160<\/p>[8]<\/a> V\u00fdbor pro pr\u00e1va osob se zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm posuzuje \u00favodn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vu \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky,1. duben 2015, www.ohchr.org\/EN\/NewsEvents\/Pages\/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=15788&LangID=E#sthash.eWBQhgFg.rVZNS3zG.dpuf<\/a>, vid\u011bno dne 29. dubna 2015<\/p>[9]<\/a> 2015, pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky o napl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed doporu\u010den\u00ed z druh\u00e9ho cyklu Univerz\u00e1ln\u00edho periodick\u00e9ho p\u0159ezkumu<\/p>[10]<\/a> 29. listopad 2016, CAT\/C\/CZE\/6, \u0160est\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va, odst. 171-172<\/p>[11]<\/a> 9. srpen 2017, A\/HRC\/WG.6\/28\/CZE\/1, N\u00e1rodn\u00ed zpr\u00e1va, odst. 15<\/p>[12]<\/a> 1. b\u0159ezen 2018, A\/HRC\/37\/4\/Add.1 P\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e1 neupraven\u00e1 verze, Zpr\u00e1va pracovn\u00ed skupiny: Dodatek, odst. 6<\/p>[13]<\/a> B\u0159ezen 2018, Vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho ochr\u00e1nce pr\u00e1v k \u0161est\u00e9 periodick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky o opat\u0159en\u00edch p\u0159ijat\u00fdch k pln\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1vazk\u016f podle \u00damluvy proti mu\u010den\u00ed a jin\u00e9mu krut\u00e9mu, nelidsk\u00e9mu \u010di poni\u017euj\u00edc\u00edmu zach\u00e1zen\u00ed a trest\u00e1n\u00ed za obdob\u00ed 2009 - 2015<\/p>[14]<\/a> Kolektivn\u00ed st\u00ed\u017enost \u010d. 96\/2013, Asociace na ochranu v\u0161ech d\u011bt\u00ed (APPROACH) Ltd proti \u010cesk\u00e9 republice<\/em><\/p>[15]<\/a> Kolektivn\u00ed st\u00ed\u017enost \u010d. 96\/2013, Asociace na ochranu v\u0161ech d\u011bt\u00ed (Approach) proti \u010cesk\u00e9 republice<\/em>, rozhodnut\u00ed ve v\u011bci sam\u00e9, p\u0159ijet\u00ed 20. ledna 2015, ozn\u00e1men\u00ed 28. ledna 2015, zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed 29. kv\u011btna 2015<\/p> <\/div>\n \n Univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed periodick\u00fd p\u0159ezkum oblasti lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice<\/h3>
Prvn\u00ed kolo (1. zased\u00e1n\u00ed) Univerz\u00e1ln\u00edho periodick\u00e9ho p\u0159ezkumu \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky prob\u011bhlo v roce 2008. Nebyla ud\u011blena \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 doporu\u010den\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se t\u011blesn\u00e9ho trest\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>
Zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed v druh\u00e9m kole (14. zased\u00e1n\u00ed) prob\u011bhlo v roce 2012. Byla ud\u011blena n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed doporu\u010den\u00ed:[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\u201eP\u0159ijmout opat\u0159en\u00ed za \u00fa\u010delem boje proti dom\u00e1c\u00edmu n\u00e1sil\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na n\u00e1sil\u00ed p\u00e1chan\u00e9mu na d\u011btech, v\u010detn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f (Rusk\u00e1 federace);<\/p>
\u201eV\u00fdslovn\u011b zak\u00e1zat ve\u0161ker\u00e9 t\u011blesn\u00e9 trest\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed ve v\u0161ech prost\u0159ed\u00edch, v\u010detn\u011b prost\u0159ed\u00ed domova (Lichten\u0161tejnsko)<\/p>
\u201eV\u00fdslovn\u011b zak\u00e1zat t\u011blesn\u00e9 trest\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed ve v\u0161ech prost\u0159ed\u00edch (Ma\u010farsko)\u201c<\/p>
\u010cR p\u0159ijala prvn\u00ed z t\u011bchto doporu\u010den\u00ed, ale nep\u0159ijala doporu\u010den\u00ed v\u00fdslovn\u011b zak\u00e1zat t\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty ve v\u0161ech prost\u0159ed\u00edch s t\u00edm, \u017ee z\u00e1kon d\u011btem ji\u017e p\u0159ed \u201enep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm t\u011blesn\u00fdm trest\u00e1n\u00edm\u201c v prost\u0159ed\u00ed domova ochranu poskytuje: \u201e\u010cesk\u00e1 republika nep\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 doporu\u010den\u00ed \u010d. 89 a 90 t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se z\u00e1kazu t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f na d\u011btech ve v\u0161ech prost\u0159ed\u00edch. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika p\u0159itom pova\u017euje n\u00e1sil\u00ed na d\u011btech za naprosto nep\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 a bojuje proti tomuto fenom\u00e9nu v\u0161emi zp\u016fsoby a v\u0161emi prost\u0159edky, a to ve v\u0161ech prost\u0159ed\u00edch. V sou\u010dasnosti jsou t\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty na d\u011btech zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny ve v\u0161ech ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, jako jsou \u0161koly a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro p\u00e9\u010di o d\u011bti. Ve v\u0161ech t\u011bchto prost\u0159ed\u00edch maj\u00ed d\u011bti pr\u00e1vo na zach\u00e1zen\u00ed respektuj\u00edc\u00ed jejich pr\u00e1va a lidskou d\u016fstojnost. V rodin\u011b pak mohou rodi\u010de uplat\u0148ovat jen takov\u00e9 v\u00fdchovn\u00e9 postupy, kter\u00e9 neohro\u017euj\u00ed d\u016fstojnost d\u00edt\u011bte, ani jeho zdravotn\u00ed, ment\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010di emo\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj a jsou p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 situaci. Nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 t\u011blesn\u00e9 i jin\u00e9 trest\u00e1n\u00ed je tedy v rodin\u011b zak\u00e1z\u00e1no a rodi\u010de mohou b\u00fdt za n\u011bj sankcionov\u00e1ni v nejz\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech i trestn\u00edm st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00edm. D\u00edt\u011b jim pak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i odebr\u00e1no. To sam\u00e9 plat\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b n\u00e1hradn\u00ed rodinn\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika se rovn\u011b\u017e nad\u00e1le sna\u017e\u00ed o osv\u011btu ve spole\u010dnosti k t\u00e9matu n\u00e1sil\u00ed na d\u011btech po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm vl\u00e1dn\u00edch kampan\u00ed s c\u00edlem zv\u00fd\u0161it ochranu d\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159ed n\u00e1sil\u00edm a citlivost ve\u0159ejnosti k t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zce, v\u010detn\u011b alternativn\u00edch metod pozitivn\u00edho rodi\u010dovstv\u00ed a v\u00fdchovy bez n\u00e1sil\u00ed.\u201c[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>T\u0159et\u00ed kolo p\u0159ezkumu prob\u011bhlo v roce 2017 (28. zased\u00e1n\u00ed). V n\u00e1rodn\u00ed zpr\u00e1v\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee \u201eVl\u00e1da \u010cR pova\u017euje jak\u00e9koli n\u00e1sil\u00ed na d\u011btech za naprosto nep\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 ve v\u0161ech prost\u0159ed\u00edch. T\u011blesn\u00e9 i psychick\u00e9 tresty jsou zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch \u010di zdravotn\u00edch slu\u017eeb. Rodi\u010de mohou pou\u017e\u00edt v\u00fdchovn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky pouze v p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e a nesm\u00ed ohrozit zdrav\u00ed nebo rozvoj d\u00edt\u011bte ani se dotknout jeho lidsk\u00e9 d\u016fstojnosti.\u201c[3]<\/sup><\/a> Byla ud\u011blena n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed doporu\u010den\u00ed:[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\u201ePos\u00edlit sv\u016fj syst\u00e9m ochrany d\u011bt\u00ed v\u00fdslovn\u00fdm z\u00e1kazem v\u0161ech forem t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f na d\u011btech ve v\u0161ech prost\u0159ed\u00edch (Rakousko);<\/p>
\u201eZv\u00e1\u017eit dal\u0161\u00ed harmonizaci z\u00e1kazu t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f na d\u011btech s mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi normami (Chorvatsko);<\/p>
\u201ePos\u00edlit n\u00e1rodn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed vedouc\u00ed k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed a ukon\u010dit praxi t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f (Indon\u00e9sie);<\/p>
\u201ePodniknout praktick\u00e9 kroky k ukon\u010den\u00ed praxe t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f na d\u011btech ve v\u0161ech prost\u0159ed\u00edch (\u010cern\u00e1 Hora);<\/p>
\u201eZ\u00e1konem zak\u00e1zat t\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty na d\u011btech ve v\u0161ech prost\u0159ed\u00edch, v\u010detn\u011b rodiny (Bol\u00edvarovsk\u00e1 republika Venezuela) \u201c<\/p>
\u010cR vzala na v\u011bdom\u00ed prvn\u00ed a posledn\u00ed z t\u011bchto doporu\u010den\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se v\u00fdslovn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kazu t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f ve v\u0161ech prost\u0159ed\u00edch, konstatuj\u00edc: \u201e\u010cesk\u00e1 republika pova\u017euje t\u011blesn\u00e9 trest\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed za nep\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9. D\u011bti maj\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na zach\u00e1zen\u00ed respektuj\u00edc\u00ed jejich pr\u00e1va a lidskou d\u016fstojnost. T\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty na d\u011btech jsou zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny ve v\u0161ech ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, jako jsou \u0161koly a \u00fastavn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de o d\u011bti. Rodi\u010dovsk\u00e1 v\u00fdchova v rodin\u011b nesm\u00ed ohrozit d\u016fstojnost d\u00edt\u011bte, ani jeho zdravotn\u00ed, ment\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010di emo\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj. Za poru\u0161en\u00ed t\u011bchto pravidel mohou b\u00fdt rodi\u010de sankcionov\u00e1ni. V nejz\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech mohou b\u00fdt rodi\u010de vystaveni trestn\u00edmu st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed. D\u00edt\u011b jim pak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i odebr\u00e1no. To sam\u00e9 plat\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b n\u00e1hradn\u00ed rodinn\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de.\u201c Ostatn\u00ed t\u0159i doporu\u010den\u00ed \u010cR podpo\u0159ila.[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/p> <\/p>
[1]<\/a> 26. prosinec 2012, A\/HRC\/22\/3, Zpr\u00e1va pracovn\u00ed skupiny, odst. 94(88), 94(89) a 94(90)<\/p>[2]<\/a> 1. b\u0159ezen 2013, A\/HRC\/22\/3\/Add.1, Zpr\u00e1va pracovn\u00ed skupiny: Dodatek, odst. 4<\/p>[3]<\/a> 9. srpen 2017, A\/HRC\/WG.6\/28\/CZE\/1, N\u00e1rodn\u00ed zpr\u00e1va, odst. 15<\/p>
POSLEDN\u00cd AKTUALIZACE \u010derven 2018<\/p>
<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n
- \n
- Souhrn<\/a><\/li>\n
- Z\u00e1konnost<\/a><\/li>\n
- UPP<\/a><\/li>\n
- Smluvn\u00ed org\u00e1ny<\/a><\/li>\n
- V\u00fdzkum<\/a><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n
\n\nShrnut\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed reformy pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k dosa\u017een\u00ed \u00fapln\u00e9ho z\u00e1kazu<\/h3>
Z\u00e1kazu je st\u00e1le t\u0159eba dos\u00e1hnout v prost\u0159ed\u00ed domova a n\u00e1hradn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de, v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch denn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de a v n\u00e1pravn\u011b v\u00fdchovn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch.<\/p>
Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee z\u00e1kon neobhajuje pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f rodi\u010di nebo jin\u00fdmi dosp\u011bl\u00fdmi osobami (informace nepotvrzena), z\u00e1kony proti n\u00e1sil\u00ed a t\u00fdr\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak nejsou vykl\u00e1d\u00e1ny tak, \u017ee zakazuj\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e9 t\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f ve v\u00fdchov\u011b d\u011bt\u00ed je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161eobecn\u011b akceptov\u00e1no, proto je nutn\u00e9, aby z\u00e1kon jednozna\u010dn\u011b stanovil, \u017ee v\u0161echny formy fyzick\u00fdch trest\u016f a jin\u00e9ho krut\u00e9ho a poni\u017euj\u00edc\u00edho zach\u00e1zen\u00ed, jakkoli m\u00edrn\u00e9ho, v jak\u00e9mkoli prost\u0159ed\u00ed a bez ohledu na vztah mezi dosp\u011bl\u00fdm a d\u00edt\u011btem, jsou nep\u0159ijateln\u00e9.<\/p>
Alternativn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de<\/em> \u2013 Z\u00e1kaz t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f by m\u011bl b\u00fdt uz\u00e1kon\u011bn v souvislosti se v\u0161emi formami n\u00e1hradn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de (p\u011bstounskou p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed, \u00fastavn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed, v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch poskytuj\u00edc\u00edch ochranu, v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch pro d\u011bti vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed okam\u017eitou p\u00e9\u010di atd.).<\/p>
Denn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de<\/em> \u2013 T\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty by m\u011bly b\u00fdt zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny ve v\u0161ech za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch p\u00e9\u010de o d\u011bti p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00edho v\u011bku (v mate\u0159sk\u00fdch \u0161kolk\u00e1ch, jesl\u00edch, rodinn\u00fdch centrech atd.) a ve v\u0161ech za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch denn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de o star\u0161\u00ed d\u011bti (v denn\u00edch centrech, \u0161koln\u00edch dru\u017ein\u00e1ch, p\u0159i hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed atd.).<\/p>
N\u00e1pravn\u011b v\u00fdchovn\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/em> \u2013 Z\u00e1kaz t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f by m\u011bl b\u00fdt uz\u00e1kon\u011bn v pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpisech platn\u00fdch pro v\u0161echna za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, v nich\u017e jsou um\u00edst\u011bny d\u011bti, kter\u00e9 se dostaly do konfliktu se z\u00e1konem.<\/p> <\/div>\n
\nSt\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed leg\u00e1lnost t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f<\/h3>
Prost\u0159ed\u00ed domova<\/h3>
T\u011blesn\u00e9 trest\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed v prost\u0159ed\u00ed domova je leg\u00e1ln\u00ed. V lednu 2014 vstoupil v platnost nov\u00fd ob\u010dansk\u00fd z\u00e1kon\u00edk, kter\u00fd obsahuje ustanoven\u00ed vztahuj\u00edc\u00ed se k uk\u00e1z\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed rodi\u010di, ale nezakazuje v\u0161echny t\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty. P\u0159esn\u011bji uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee \u201ev\u00fdchovn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky lze pou\u017e\u00edt pouze v podob\u011b a m\u00ed\u0159e, kter\u00e1 je p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 okolnostem, neohro\u017euje zdrav\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte ani jeho rozvoj a nedot\u00fdk\u00e1 se lidsk\u00e9 d\u016fstojnosti d\u00edt\u011bte\u201c (\u00a7 884 odst. 2, neofici\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159eklad) a \u017ee \u201edokud se d\u00edt\u011b nestane sv\u00e9pr\u00e1vn\u00fdm, maj\u00ed rodi\u010de pr\u00e1vo usm\u011br\u0148ovat sv\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b v\u00fdchovn\u00fdmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi, jak to odpov\u00edd\u00e1 jeho rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edm se schopnostem, v\u010detn\u011b omezen\u00ed sleduj\u00edc\u00edch ochranu mor\u00e1lky, zdrav\u00ed a pr\u00e1v d\u00edt\u011bte\u201c (\u00a7 857 odst. 2). Z\u00e1kon o soci\u00e1ln\u011b-pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochran\u011b d\u011bt\u00ed z roku 1999 uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201efyzick\u00e1 osoba se dopust\u00ed p\u0159estupku t\u00edm, \u017ee v \u00famyslu pon\u00ed\u017eit lidskou d\u016fstojnost d\u00edt\u011bte pou\u017eije v\u016f\u010di n\u011bmu nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed \u201c (\u00a7 59 odst. 1 p\u00edsm. h)). Toto ustanoven\u00ed bylo novelizov\u00e1no v roce 2013 (s \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed od ledna 2014) vyjmut\u00edm podm\u00ednky \u00famysln\u00e9ho zavin\u011bn\u00ed, nebyl v\u0161ak zaveden jednozna\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1kaz v\u0161ech t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f. Ustanoven\u00ed proti n\u00e1sil\u00ed a t\u00fdr\u00e1n\u00ed v Listin\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pr\u00e1v a svobod z roku 1992, v z\u00e1kon\u011b o p\u0159estupc\u00edch z roku 1990, v trestn\u00edm z\u00e1kon\u00edku z roku 2009, v \u00dastav\u011b z roku 1992 a v z\u00e1kon\u011b na ochranu proti dom\u00e1c\u00edmu n\u00e1sil\u00ed z roku 2006 nejsou vykl\u00e1d\u00e1na tak, \u017ee by z nich vypl\u00fdval z\u00e1kaz ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho t\u011blesn\u00e9ho trest\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdchov\u011b.<\/p>
\u010cesk\u00e1 republika v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2007 potvrdila sv\u016fj z\u00e1vazek p\u0159ijmout z\u00e1kaz v dopise premi\u00e9ra Mirka Topol\u00e1nka adresovan\u00e9m komisa\u0159i Rady Evropy pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va Thomasovi Hammarbergovi. V roce 2008 ministryn\u011b pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va a n\u00e1rodnostn\u00ed men\u0161iny podepsala petici Rady Evropy proti ve\u0161ker\u00fdm t\u011blesn\u00fdm trest\u016fm u d\u011bt\u00ed a ve zpr\u00e1v\u011b \u00fa\u010dastnick\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu ur\u010den\u00e9 V\u00fdboru pro pr\u00e1va d\u00edt\u011bte \u010cR sd\u011blila, \u017ee zva\u017euje p\u0159ijet\u00ed v\u00fdslovn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kazu.[1]<\/sup><\/a> V roce 2011 ale \u010cR potvrdila, \u017ee Ministerstvo spravedlnosti \u201enepodnik\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 nov\u00e9 kroky ve v\u011bci z\u00e1kazu t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f\u201c, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e p\u0159iznala, \u017ee ve vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edm pr\u00e1vu neexistuje explicitn\u00ed z\u00e1kaz t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f.[2]<\/sup><\/a> \u010cR tak\u00e9 nazna\u010dila, \u017ee podle jej\u00edho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy nab\u00edz\u00ed adekv\u00e1tn\u00ed ochranu proti t\u011blesn\u00fdm trest\u016fm[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 p\u0159esto v\u0161ak potvrdila, \u017ee z\u00e1kon d\u011bti chr\u00e1n\u00ed jen proti \u201enep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm\u201c t\u011blesn\u00fdm trest\u016fm.[4]<\/sup><\/a> P\u0159i p\u0159ezkumu ze strany V\u00fdboru proti mu\u010den\u00ed v kv\u011btnu 2012 \u010cR op\u011btovn\u011b sd\u011blila, \u017ee se nechyst\u00e1 novelizovat pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy tak, aby zakazovaly t\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty.[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>
\u010cR nep\u0159ijala doporu\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e1 byla vyj\u00e1d\u0159ena b\u011bhem Univerz\u00e1ln\u00edho periodick\u00e9ho p\u0159ezkumu \u010cR (UPR) v roce 2012, v\u00fdslovn\u011b zak\u00e1zat ve\u0161ker\u00e9 t\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty v jak\u00e9mkoli prost\u0159ed\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b domova, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e uvedla, \u017ee v prost\u0159ed\u00ed rodiny z\u00e1kon chr\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bti p\u0159ed \u201enep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fdmi\u201c t\u011blesn\u00fdmi tresty.[6]<\/sup><\/a> V roce 2013 \u010cR ozn\u00e1mila V\u00fdboru pro pr\u00e1va osob se zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm, \u017ee rodi\u010de mohou u\u017e\u00edt pouze \u201ep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch v\u00fdchovn\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f;[7]<\/sup><\/a> b\u011bhem p\u0159ezkumu prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9ho V\u00fdborem v roce 2015, \u010cR sd\u011blila, \u017ee t\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty v rodin\u011b zakazuje ob\u010dansk\u00fd z\u00e1kon\u00edk a z\u00e1kon o rodin\u011b a \u017ee N\u00e1rodn\u00ed strategie prevence n\u00e1sil\u00ed na d\u011btech zahrnuje definici t\u011blesn\u00e9ho n\u00e1sil\u00ed p\u0159ijatou V\u00fdborem pro pr\u00e1va d\u00edt\u011bte.[8]<\/sup><\/a> V pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky pro Univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed periodick\u00fd p\u0159ezkum z roku 2015 stoj\u00ed, \u017ee \u201e\u010cesk\u00e1 republika pova\u017euje n\u00e1sil\u00ed p\u00e1chan\u00e9 na d\u011btech za naprosto nep\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 a bojuje proti n\u011bmu v\u0161emi zp\u016fsoby a ve v\u0161ech prost\u0159ed\u00edch\u201c. N\u00e1sledn\u011b v\u0161ak zmi\u0148uje pr\u00e1vo d\u011bt\u00ed na ochranu p\u0159ed \u201enep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm omezen\u00edm\u201c a u\u017eit\u00edm \u201enep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch trest\u016f\u201c rodi\u010di.[9]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>
V roce 2016 \u010cR p\u0159iznala, \u017ee ve vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpisech neexistuje v\u00fdslovn\u00fd z\u00e1kaz t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f, uvedla v\u0161ak, \u017ee \u201epr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed vym\u00fdcen\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e9ho trest\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed\u201c jsou obsa\u017eeny v ob\u010dansk\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u00edku, jeliko\u017e t\u011blesn\u00fd trest nen\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u201eadekv\u00e1tn\u00ed v\u00fdchovn\u00fd prost\u0159edek v rodin\u011b nebo mimo ni\u201c.[10]<\/sup><\/a> Jej\u00ed zpr\u00e1va pro Univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed periodick\u00fd p\u0159ezkum v roce 2017 uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee \u201erodi\u010de mohou pou\u017e\u00edt v\u00fdchovn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky pouze v p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e\u201c.[11]<\/sup><\/a> Ale jak bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno v\u00fd\u0161e, n\u00e1\u0161 v\u00fdzkum ukazuje, \u017ee z\u00e1kony neobsahuj\u00ed jednozna\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1kaz u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f p\u0159i v\u00fdchov\u011b. V roce 2017, p\u0159i sv\u00e9m Univerz\u00e1ln\u00edm periodick\u00e9m p\u0159ezkumu, \u010cR op\u011btovn\u011b nep\u0159ijala doporu\u010den\u00ed v\u00fdslovn\u011b zak\u00e1zat t\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty ve v\u0161ech prost\u0159ed\u00edch.[12]<\/sup><\/a> Ve vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00e9m V\u00fdboru proti mu\u010den\u00ed v roce 2018 ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 ochr\u00e1nkyn\u011b pr\u00e1v sd\u011blila, \u017ee \u201e\u010desk\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprava st\u00e1le postr\u00e1d\u00e1 v\u00fdslovn\u00fd z\u00e1kaz v\u0161ech forem t\u011blesn\u00e9ho trest\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed (a to i v rodin\u011b). \u201eTuto formu trestu pova\u017euji za nep\u0159ijatelnou.\u201c[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>
V roce 2013 byla v souladu s postupem pro pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed kolektivn\u00edch st\u00ed\u017enost\u00ed k Evropsk\u00e9mu v\u00fdboru pro soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1va pod\u00e1na proti \u010cesk\u00e9 republice st\u00ed\u017enost sdru\u017een\u00edm Asociace na ochranu v\u0161ech d\u011bt\u00ed (APPROACH) Ltd.[14]<\/sup><\/a> Obsahem st\u00ed\u017enosti byla absence v\u00fdslovn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kazu t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f v rodin\u011b, ve v\u0161ech form\u00e1ch n\u00e1hradn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de a ve \u0161kole a d\u00e1le to, \u017ee \u010cesk\u00e1 republika nevynakl\u00e1d\u00e1 odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed, aby takov\u00e9 fyzick\u00e9 tresty vykon\u00e1van\u00e9 na d\u011btech v praxi eliminovala. St\u00ed\u017enost byla zaregistrov\u00e1na V\u00fdborem v \u00fanoru 2013; 2. \u010dervence 2013 byla prohl\u00e1\u0161ena za p\u0159\u00edpustnou. V\u00fdbor sv\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed zve\u0159ejnil 29. kv\u011btna 2015. V\u00fdbor dosp\u011bl k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee situace v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice poru\u0161uje Chartu, jeliko\u017e z\u00e1kon nezakazuje v\u0161echny t\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty.[15]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>
\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
N\u00e1hradn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de<\/h3>
U\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f v instituc\u00edch je podle z\u00e1kona \u010d. 102\/2002 Sb., o v\u00fdkonu \u00fastavn\u00ed v\u00fdchovy (v upraven\u00e9m zn\u011bn\u00ed z roku 2005), protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed. A\u010dkoli tento z\u00e1kon t\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty v\u00fdslovn\u011b nezakazuje, jasn\u011b vymezuje povolen\u00e1 n\u00e1pravn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed a nezahrnuje t\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty. V ne\u00fastavn\u00edch form\u00e1ch p\u00e9\u010de je leg\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/p>
<\/p>
Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed denn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de<\/h3>
T\u011blesn\u00fd trest je zak\u00e1z\u00e1n v ustanoven\u00ed o p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00edm vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v \u00a7 31 \u0161kolsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona (viz \u010d\u00e1st \u201e\u0160koly\u201c). V ostatn\u00edch form\u00e1ch denn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de o d\u011bti p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00edho v\u011bku a denn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de pro star\u0161\u00ed d\u011bti je v souladu se z\u00e1konem.<\/p>
<\/p>
\u0160koly<\/h3>
T\u011blesn\u00fd trest ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch je podle \u00a7 31 \u0161kolsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona nez\u00e1konn\u00fd. V \u00a7 31 se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee \u201ezvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b hrub\u00e9 slovn\u00ed nebo \u00famysln\u00e9 fyzick\u00e9 napaden\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ka nebo studenta\u201c je \u201ez\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 zavin\u011bn\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed povinnost\u00ed\u201c. \u0160kolsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon a z\u00e1kon o v\u00fdkonu \u00fastavn\u00ed v\u00fdchovy nebo ochrann\u00e9 v\u00fdchovy ve \u0161kolsk\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch a o preventivn\u011b ochrann\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010di ve \u0161kolsk\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch nezahrnuj\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty mezi povolen\u00e1 k\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>
<\/p>
N\u00e1pravn\u011b v\u00fdchovn\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/h3>
T\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty jako k\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed v n\u00e1pravn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed, neexistuje ale jejich v\u00fdslovn\u00fd z\u00e1kaz. Z\u00e1kon o v\u00fdkonu trestu odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody z roku 1999 neobsahuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 ustanoven\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f.<\/p>
<\/p>
Trest za trestn\u00fd \u010din<\/h3>
T\u011blesn\u00e9 trest\u00e1n\u00ed jako trest za zlo\u010din bylo zru\u0161eno v roce 1867. Podle trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku a z\u00e1kona \u010d. 218\/2003 Sb., o soudnictv\u00ed ve v\u011bcech ml\u00e1de\u017ee, nen\u00ed povolen\u00fdm postihem.<\/p>
<\/p>
[1]<\/a> (20. duben 2010, CRC\/C\/CZE\/3-4, T\u0159et\u00ed a \u010dtvrt\u00e1 periodick\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va \u010cR, odst. 133<\/p>
[2]<\/a> 10. kv\u011bten 2011, CRC\/C\/CZE\/Q\/3-4\/Add.1, Odpov\u011b\u010f na seznam ot\u00e1zek, Q7<\/p>
[3]<\/a> (9. b\u0159ezen 2012, CAT\/C\/CZE\/Q\/4-5\/Add.1, Odpov\u011b\u010f na seznam ot\u00e1zek, odst. 106; 27. \u010derven 2013, CCPR\/C\/CZE\/Q\/3\/Add.1, Odpov\u011b\u010f na seznam ot\u00e1zek, odst.77-80<\/p>
[4]<\/a> 27. \u010derven 2013, CCPR\/C\/CZE\/Q\/3\/Add.1, Odpov\u011b\u010f na seznam ot\u00e1zek, odst. 82<\/p>
[5]<\/a> 30. kv\u011bten 2012, CAT\/C\/SR.1071, Souhrnn\u00fd z\u00e1znam z 1701. \u00a0zased\u00e1n\u00ed, odst. 40; viz tak\u00e9 23. listopad 2015, CEDAW\/CZE\/Q\/6\/Add.1, Odpov\u011b\u010f na seznam ot\u00e1zek, odst. 25<\/p>
[6]<\/a> 26. prosinec 2012, A\/HRC\/22\/3, Zpr\u00e1va pracovn\u00ed skupiny, odst. 94(88), 94(89) a 94(90); 1. b\u0159ezen 2013, A\/HRC\/22\/3\/Add.1, Zpr\u00e1va pracovn\u00ed skupiny: Dodatek, odst. 4<\/p>
[7]<\/a> 27. \u010derven 2013, CRPD\/C\/CZE\/1 p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e1 neupraven\u00e1 verze, \u00davodn\u00ed zpr\u00e1va \u010cR, odst. 160<\/p>
[8]<\/a> V\u00fdbor pro pr\u00e1va osob se zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm posuzuje \u00favodn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vu \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky,1. duben 2015, www.ohchr.org\/EN\/NewsEvents\/Pages\/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=15788&LangID=E#sthash.eWBQhgFg.rVZNS3zG.dpuf<\/a>, vid\u011bno dne 29. dubna 2015<\/p>
[9]<\/a> 2015, pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky o napl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed doporu\u010den\u00ed z druh\u00e9ho cyklu Univerz\u00e1ln\u00edho periodick\u00e9ho p\u0159ezkumu<\/p>
[10]<\/a> 29. listopad 2016, CAT\/C\/CZE\/6, \u0160est\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va, odst. 171-172<\/p>
[11]<\/a> 9. srpen 2017, A\/HRC\/WG.6\/28\/CZE\/1, N\u00e1rodn\u00ed zpr\u00e1va, odst. 15<\/p>
[12]<\/a> 1. b\u0159ezen 2018, A\/HRC\/37\/4\/Add.1 P\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e1 neupraven\u00e1 verze, Zpr\u00e1va pracovn\u00ed skupiny: Dodatek, odst. 6<\/p>
[13]<\/a> B\u0159ezen 2018, Vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho ochr\u00e1nce pr\u00e1v k \u0161est\u00e9 periodick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky o opat\u0159en\u00edch p\u0159ijat\u00fdch k pln\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1vazk\u016f podle \u00damluvy proti mu\u010den\u00ed a jin\u00e9mu krut\u00e9mu, nelidsk\u00e9mu \u010di poni\u017euj\u00edc\u00edmu zach\u00e1zen\u00ed a trest\u00e1n\u00ed za obdob\u00ed 2009 - 2015<\/p>
[14]<\/a> Kolektivn\u00ed st\u00ed\u017enost \u010d. 96\/2013, Asociace na ochranu v\u0161ech d\u011bt\u00ed (APPROACH) Ltd proti \u010cesk\u00e9 republice<\/em><\/p>
[15]<\/a> Kolektivn\u00ed st\u00ed\u017enost \u010d. 96\/2013, Asociace na ochranu v\u0161ech d\u011bt\u00ed (Approach) proti \u010cesk\u00e9 republice<\/em>, rozhodnut\u00ed ve v\u011bci sam\u00e9, p\u0159ijet\u00ed 20. ledna 2015, ozn\u00e1men\u00ed 28. ledna 2015, zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed 29. kv\u011btna 2015<\/p> <\/div>\n
\nUniverz\u00e1ln\u00ed periodick\u00fd p\u0159ezkum oblasti lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice<\/h3>
Prvn\u00ed kolo (1. zased\u00e1n\u00ed) Univerz\u00e1ln\u00edho periodick\u00e9ho p\u0159ezkumu \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky prob\u011bhlo v roce 2008. Nebyla ud\u011blena \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 doporu\u010den\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se t\u011blesn\u00e9ho trest\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>
Zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed v druh\u00e9m kole (14. zased\u00e1n\u00ed) prob\u011bhlo v roce 2012. Byla ud\u011blena n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed doporu\u010den\u00ed:[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>
\u201eP\u0159ijmout opat\u0159en\u00ed za \u00fa\u010delem boje proti dom\u00e1c\u00edmu n\u00e1sil\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na n\u00e1sil\u00ed p\u00e1chan\u00e9mu na d\u011btech, v\u010detn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f (Rusk\u00e1 federace);<\/p>
\u201eV\u00fdslovn\u011b zak\u00e1zat ve\u0161ker\u00e9 t\u011blesn\u00e9 trest\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed ve v\u0161ech prost\u0159ed\u00edch, v\u010detn\u011b prost\u0159ed\u00ed domova (Lichten\u0161tejnsko)<\/p>
\u201eV\u00fdslovn\u011b zak\u00e1zat t\u011blesn\u00e9 trest\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed ve v\u0161ech prost\u0159ed\u00edch (Ma\u010farsko)\u201c<\/p>
\u010cR p\u0159ijala prvn\u00ed z t\u011bchto doporu\u010den\u00ed, ale nep\u0159ijala doporu\u010den\u00ed v\u00fdslovn\u011b zak\u00e1zat t\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty ve v\u0161ech prost\u0159ed\u00edch s t\u00edm, \u017ee z\u00e1kon d\u011btem ji\u017e p\u0159ed \u201enep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm t\u011blesn\u00fdm trest\u00e1n\u00edm\u201c v prost\u0159ed\u00ed domova ochranu poskytuje: \u201e\u010cesk\u00e1 republika nep\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 doporu\u010den\u00ed \u010d. 89 a 90 t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se z\u00e1kazu t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f na d\u011btech ve v\u0161ech prost\u0159ed\u00edch. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika p\u0159itom pova\u017euje n\u00e1sil\u00ed na d\u011btech za naprosto nep\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 a bojuje proti tomuto fenom\u00e9nu v\u0161emi zp\u016fsoby a v\u0161emi prost\u0159edky, a to ve v\u0161ech prost\u0159ed\u00edch. V sou\u010dasnosti jsou t\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty na d\u011btech zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny ve v\u0161ech ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, jako jsou \u0161koly a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro p\u00e9\u010di o d\u011bti. Ve v\u0161ech t\u011bchto prost\u0159ed\u00edch maj\u00ed d\u011bti pr\u00e1vo na zach\u00e1zen\u00ed respektuj\u00edc\u00ed jejich pr\u00e1va a lidskou d\u016fstojnost. V rodin\u011b pak mohou rodi\u010de uplat\u0148ovat jen takov\u00e9 v\u00fdchovn\u00e9 postupy, kter\u00e9 neohro\u017euj\u00ed d\u016fstojnost d\u00edt\u011bte, ani jeho zdravotn\u00ed, ment\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010di emo\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj a jsou p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 situaci. Nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 t\u011blesn\u00e9 i jin\u00e9 trest\u00e1n\u00ed je tedy v rodin\u011b zak\u00e1z\u00e1no a rodi\u010de mohou b\u00fdt za n\u011bj sankcionov\u00e1ni v nejz\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech i trestn\u00edm st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00edm. D\u00edt\u011b jim pak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i odebr\u00e1no. To sam\u00e9 plat\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b n\u00e1hradn\u00ed rodinn\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika se rovn\u011b\u017e nad\u00e1le sna\u017e\u00ed o osv\u011btu ve spole\u010dnosti k t\u00e9matu n\u00e1sil\u00ed na d\u011btech po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm vl\u00e1dn\u00edch kampan\u00ed s c\u00edlem zv\u00fd\u0161it ochranu d\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159ed n\u00e1sil\u00edm a citlivost ve\u0159ejnosti k t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zce, v\u010detn\u011b alternativn\u00edch metod pozitivn\u00edho rodi\u010dovstv\u00ed a v\u00fdchovy bez n\u00e1sil\u00ed.\u201c[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>
T\u0159et\u00ed kolo p\u0159ezkumu prob\u011bhlo v roce 2017 (28. zased\u00e1n\u00ed). V n\u00e1rodn\u00ed zpr\u00e1v\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee \u201eVl\u00e1da \u010cR pova\u017euje jak\u00e9koli n\u00e1sil\u00ed na d\u011btech za naprosto nep\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 ve v\u0161ech prost\u0159ed\u00edch. T\u011blesn\u00e9 i psychick\u00e9 tresty jsou zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch \u010di zdravotn\u00edch slu\u017eeb. Rodi\u010de mohou pou\u017e\u00edt v\u00fdchovn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky pouze v p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e a nesm\u00ed ohrozit zdrav\u00ed nebo rozvoj d\u00edt\u011bte ani se dotknout jeho lidsk\u00e9 d\u016fstojnosti.\u201c[3]<\/sup><\/a> Byla ud\u011blena n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed doporu\u010den\u00ed:[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>
\u201ePos\u00edlit sv\u016fj syst\u00e9m ochrany d\u011bt\u00ed v\u00fdslovn\u00fdm z\u00e1kazem v\u0161ech forem t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f na d\u011btech ve v\u0161ech prost\u0159ed\u00edch (Rakousko);<\/p>
\u201eZv\u00e1\u017eit dal\u0161\u00ed harmonizaci z\u00e1kazu t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f na d\u011btech s mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi normami (Chorvatsko);<\/p>
\u201ePos\u00edlit n\u00e1rodn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed vedouc\u00ed k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed a ukon\u010dit praxi t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f (Indon\u00e9sie);<\/p>
\u201ePodniknout praktick\u00e9 kroky k ukon\u010den\u00ed praxe t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f na d\u011btech ve v\u0161ech prost\u0159ed\u00edch (\u010cern\u00e1 Hora);<\/p>
\u201eZ\u00e1konem zak\u00e1zat t\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty na d\u011btech ve v\u0161ech prost\u0159ed\u00edch, v\u010detn\u011b rodiny (Bol\u00edvarovsk\u00e1 republika Venezuela) \u201c<\/p>
\u010cR vzala na v\u011bdom\u00ed prvn\u00ed a posledn\u00ed z t\u011bchto doporu\u010den\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se v\u00fdslovn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kazu t\u011blesn\u00fdch trest\u016f ve v\u0161ech prost\u0159ed\u00edch, konstatuj\u00edc: \u201e\u010cesk\u00e1 republika pova\u017euje t\u011blesn\u00e9 trest\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed za nep\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9. D\u011bti maj\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na zach\u00e1zen\u00ed respektuj\u00edc\u00ed jejich pr\u00e1va a lidskou d\u016fstojnost. T\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty na d\u011btech jsou zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny ve v\u0161ech ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, jako jsou \u0161koly a \u00fastavn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de o d\u011bti. Rodi\u010dovsk\u00e1 v\u00fdchova v rodin\u011b nesm\u00ed ohrozit d\u016fstojnost d\u00edt\u011bte, ani jeho zdravotn\u00ed, ment\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010di emo\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj. Za poru\u0161en\u00ed t\u011bchto pravidel mohou b\u00fdt rodi\u010de sankcionov\u00e1ni. V nejz\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech mohou b\u00fdt rodi\u010de vystaveni trestn\u00edmu st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed. D\u00edt\u011b jim pak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i odebr\u00e1no. To sam\u00e9 plat\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b n\u00e1hradn\u00ed rodinn\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de.\u201c Ostatn\u00ed t\u0159i doporu\u010den\u00ed \u010cR podpo\u0159ila.[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>
<\/p>
[1]<\/a> 26. prosinec 2012, A\/HRC\/22\/3, Zpr\u00e1va pracovn\u00ed skupiny, odst. 94(88), 94(89) a 94(90)<\/p>
[2]<\/a> 1. b\u0159ezen 2013, A\/HRC\/22\/3\/Add.1, Zpr\u00e1va pracovn\u00ed skupiny: Dodatek, odst. 4<\/p>
[3]<\/a> 9. srpen 2017, A\/HRC\/WG.6\/28\/CZE\/1, N\u00e1rodn\u00ed zpr\u00e1va, odst. 15<\/p>
- Z\u00e1konnost<\/a><\/li>\n
![\"Translators_without_Borders\"](\"https:\/\/endcorporalpunishment.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/misc\/Translators_without_Borders-312x88.png\")
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